The history of grassroots organizing and activism in Montgomery County, Alabama is a powerful testament to the strength of citizens coming together to fight for their rights. In the 1950s, African-American citizens of Montgomery faced segregation and discrimination in all aspects of life, including voting. This led to the formation of organizations such as the Women's Political Council (WPC) and the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which sought to empower African-Americans and fight for their rights. The WPC was founded in 1946 by Mary Fair Burks, an English professor at Alabama State College.
The organization was comprised primarily of public school teachers and college professors who encouraged voter registration, organized education programs for adults and youth, and sought to include African Americans in local civic groups. In 1955, after the arrest of civil rights activist Rosa Parks, the WPC decided to take action. The MIA was formed in 1955 to organize a boycott of the city's public transportation system. Led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the boycott lasted 381 days and was a major success.
The MIA also organized marches to raise awareness of impediments to black voting, such as the march of 750 people at the Montgomery County Municipal Courthouse in 1944. In 1960, due to an investigation conducted by a state committee on people involved in the boycott and the increase in racial tensions at Alabama State College, key board members of the WPC resigned their university teaching positions and left Montgomery. However, their legacy continued to inspire activism among young African-American women. In 1961, the Albany Movement was formed in Albany, Georgia as a collaboration between local activists, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The organization organized Freedom Rides into the Deep South to test the 1960 Supreme Court decision in Boynton v. Virginia.
In August 1961, CORE's executive director James Farmer arrived in Plaquemine for a mass march to City Hall after officials ignored their demands. In 1963, President Kennedy made a political trip to Texas to raise funds for his reelection campaign and ease the internal friction of the Democratic Party between Liberals and conservative governor John Connally that were weakening the party in the state. This trip was seen as a sign of progress for civil rights activists. The history of grassroots organizing and activism in Montgomery County is an inspiring example of how citizens can come together to fight for their rights and make a difference. Through organizations such as the WPC and MIA, African-Americans were able to make their voices heard and push for change. The power of grassroots organizing and activism is evident in Montgomery County's history. From Mary Fair Burks' founding of the Women's Political Council (WPC) to Dr.
Martin Luther King Jr.'s leadership of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) during its 381-day boycott, citizens have come together to fight for their rights. The Albany Movement, Freedom Rides, and President Kennedy's visit to Texas are just some examples of how citizens have used grassroots organizing and activism to make progress towards civil rights. Today, grassroots organizing is still an important tool for social change. Organizations such as Black Lives Matter are using grassroots tactics to bring attention to issues such as police brutality and systemic racism.
By coming together with a common goal, citizens can create real change in their communities. The history of grassroots organizing and activism in Montgomery County is an inspiring example of how citizens can come together to fight for their rights and make a difference. Through organizations such as the WPC and MIA, African-Americans were able to make their voices heard and push for change.
